12. MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
A subset of solid waste which includes unsegregated garbage, and similar solid waste materials discarded from residential, commercial, institutional and industrial sources and community activities, including residue after recyclables have been separated.
12.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter of the Douglas County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan (DCCSWMP) outlines the regulatory framework overseeing municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal, discusses the existing conditions and programs within the Regional Planning Area (RPA), establishes objectives to meet the existing and projected needs, identifies alternatives, and recommends actions for achieving the established objectives.
12.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
12.2.1 Federal Requirements
On October 9, 1991, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated the Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria, Final Rule (40 CFR Parts 257 and 258), Subtitle D. Beginning October 9, 1993 municipal solid waste landfills that continue to accept waste will be required to comply with the operating regulations of Subtitle D at a minimum. This standard, as issued under the RCRA of 1976, set forth additional location restrictions, requirements for facility design and operations, groundwater monitoring, corrective action measures, and closure/post-closure requirements for solid waste landfills. Under this law, Congress has assigned primary responsibility for regulating solid waste to state and local governments. In the State of Washington, local jurisdictional health authorities take primary responsibility for regulating solid waste, with the Department of Ecology (DOE) providing technical assistance and permit oversight. States are also required to incorporate federal standards into their current state waste permitting programs. These new federal standards were the reason the state developed the Criteria for MSWLF (Chapter 173.351 WAC). The regulations are divided into Subparts A through G; a brief summary of each is provided below.
Subpart A - General: Sets the dates landfills must come into compliance with the new regulations. Landfill operators may ask for an exemption based on tonnage, interruption of service, and annual rainfall if the landfill can meet all three criteria.
Subpart B - Location Restrictions: Location restrictions were developed for:
- Distance to airports
- Floodplains
- Wetlands
- Fault areas
- Seismic impact zones
- Unstable areas
Subpart C - Operating Criteria: Operating criteria were established for:
- Excluding hazardous waste
- Cover material
- Air criteria
- Liquid restrictions
- Access control
- Water run-on/run-off control
- Surface water
- Record keeping
Subpart D - Design Criteria: Landfills will be required to have a composite liner and leachate collection system.
Subpart E - Groundwater and Corrective Action: Groundwater monitoring is required during the landfill's active life and during the post-closure monitoring period. A list of constituents has been established. The steps to follow when developing and operating a corrective action program were established.
Subpart F - Closure and Post-Closure: Closure and post-closure plans are required for landfills, and minimum cover design and post-closure care periods were developed. Landfills in operation on or after October 9, 1993 are required to meet the landfill closure requirements. This is the only part of the Subtitle D that was effective immediately after passage.
Subpart G - Financial Assurance: Cost estimates and fund establishment are required for closure, post-closure and corrective action programs.
Under the current state regulations, some eastern Washington landfills may not need a bottom liner and leachate collection system if it can be demonstrated that they are not necessary to ensure adequate protection of the environment and human health (WAC 173.351.300[2][b]). The new federal regulations provide for similar deviations from certain general design requirements, as well as from groundwater monitoring and corrective action requirements under its "small municipal solid waste landfill" criteria. To qualify for certain exemptions under the federal rule's "small municipal solid waste landfill" criteria, the following conditions must be met (40 CFR Part 258.1(f)):
Owners or operators of new MSWLF units, existing MSWLF units, and lateral expansions that dispose of less than twenty tons of municipal solid waste daily, based on an annual average, are exempt...so long as there is no evidence of existing groundwater contamination from the MSWLF unit and the MSWLF unit serves:
(i) a community that experiences an annual interruption of at least three consecutive months of surface transportation that prevents access to a regional waste management facility, or
(ii) a community that has no practicable waste management alternative and the landfill unit is located in an area that annually receives less than or equal to 25 inches of precipitation.
The federal regulations also provide a second method for exemption from certain design, groundwater, and corrective action requirements. The federal rule provides for an exemption from bottom liner and leachate collection system design, if it can be demonstrated that impacts to groundwater will not exceed specified contaminant levels. In determining an allowable liner design that provides the required groundwater protection, the state is required to consider the hydrogeologic characteristics of the site, climatic factors of the area, and the volume and characteristics of the leachate (40 CFR 258.40). Additionally, the federal rule provides an exemption from groundwater monitoring requirements if it can be demonstrated that there is no potential for migration of hazardous constituents from the landfill to groundwater (40 CFR 258.50). For these exemptions to be allowed in the state, the state must first have an "approved program" under which landfill siting, design and monitoring are in accordance with the EPA's Final Rule for Subtitle D of RCRA (40 CFR Parts 257 and 258).
12.2.2 State Requirements
Under law, Congress has assigned primary responsibility for managing solid waste to state and local governments. States are required to incorporate federal standards into current state waste permitting programs. With the enactment of Chapter 173.351 WAC, Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, in 1993, solid waste landfills throughout Washington State must meet increased environmental protection measures. Environmental protection measures established in the regulations include requirements for bottom liners, final cover caps, and leachate collection and treatment systems. The requirements also affect operation, monitoring, and post-closure maintenance of new and existing landfills. The effects of these regulations have become evident statewide as tipping fees have increased when major landfills have been upgraded to meet the standards, or when small rural landfills have been closed to consolidate to a regional disposal system.
Chapter 173.351 WAC was developed to ensure state landfill regulations would meet the new federal standards. The most significant costs to implement the new federal standards are associated with design requirements, groundwater monitoring, and post-closure monitoring. State standards for municipal solid waste landfills must be at least as strict, in every way, as the federal standards. However, because the federal standards do not establish rules for non-municipal solid waste landfills (i.e., demolition and woodwaste landfills or other limited purpose landfills), these landfills will be regulated only by state rules.
Under Chapter 173.304 WAC municipal solid waste does not include:
- Any solid waste identified or listed as dangerous waste under Chapter 70.105 RCW, other than any such hazardous or dangerous waste that is contained in residential solid waste (from single and multiple household dwellings, hotels, motels, and other residential sources);
- Any solid waste, including soil contamination and debris, resulting from response action taken under section 104 or 106 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, Chapter 173.304 WAC or a corrective action taken under those rules;
- Mixed or segregated recyclable material that has been source separated from garbage, and similar solid waste. The residual from source separated recyclables is municipal solid waste.
12.2.3 Local Requirements
Chelan-Douglas Health District
State laws regulating landfill design and operation are specified within Chapter 173.351 WAC. The Chelan-Douglas Health District (CDHD) enforces these regulations which include the siting, design, operation, closure and post-closure activities at the landfills. In addition, the CDHD issues a municipal solid waste landfilling permit to the GWRLF, which ensures compliance with all relevant federal, state and local regulations and environmental monitoring requirements. The Department of Ecology (DOE) assists in enforcement through permit review and technical assistance to the CDHD.
Douglas County
Any jurisdiction, agency, corporation, individual or other entity wishing to import MSW into Douglas County must conform to the Douglas County Solid Waste Importation Ordinance (DCSWIO). As specified within the ordinance, a formal Letter of Request to the Douglas County Board of Commissioners requesting that their application for solid waste importation be reviewed is required. Only after the Douglas County Board of Commissioners have received a Letter of Request will the review and approval process begin. The Douglas County Board of Commissioners will review the information contained within the Letter of Request with county staff and others. If it is determined by the Douglas County Board of Commissioners that sufficient information has been provided, and that all known potential adverse impacts have been identified, assessed and mitigated, the request may be approved.
12.3 EXISTING CONDITIONS
There is one permitted and operating MSWLF in the RPA and that is the privately owned and operated Greater Wenatchee Regional Landfill (GWRLF). In addition, two MSWLFs outside of the RPA also accept RPA municipal solid waste; the Okanogan County and Delano Landfills.
12.3.1 Closed Landfills
Several landfills have been closed or abandoned in recent years as a result of reaching physical capacity or due to the impracticality of upgrading the facilities to meet the current regulatory requirements. A brief review of the closed landfills follows.
Pine Canyon Landfill
This landfill is located on an isolated 16.7 acre site in the southwest quarter of Section 24, T25N, R21E. The actual landfill area comprises approximately four acres of the site. This landfill is near the top of Pine Canyon, on a bench just below the edge of the Waterville Plateau. The landfill is located about five miles west of the Town of Waterville, five miles east of the Town of Orondo, and ½ mile south of State Route 2 on Douglas County Road Number 1222. The landfill is oriented inside a horseshoe bend of County Road Number 1222. Immediately to the northeast of the landfill is a steep hillside rising 90 feet above the landfill at a grade between twenty-five and forty-five percent. To the southwest of the landfill, across Road Number 1222, is a 600 foot cliff that rises to the Waterville Plateau. To the west of the landfill, the bench drops 400 feet into Pine Canyon. There is a spring located below the western edge of the bench. This spring is at elevation 2145 feet. The Columbia River is three miles to the west of the landfill. A small year-round creek flows in the bottom of Pine Canyon. An ephemeral drainage flows in the bottom of Corbaley Canyon. The landfill averages about 10 inches of rainfall annually.
The Pine Canyon landfill property was acquired by Douglas County in 1976. The landfill served three communities: Orondo, Waterville and Mansfield. The landfill stopped accepting waste in 1989 and has been officially closed since August 1994. Between 1989 and 1990, the landfill was graded and covered with four to six feet of native soil. In February 1994, Douglas County prepared the Pine Canyon Landfill Closure and Post-Closure Plan, which was accepted by the DOE. The plan was prepared in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 173-304 WAC.
As outlined in the Pine Canyon Landfill Closure and Post-Closure Plan, the closure design specified the type of landfill cover to be established and maintained, the method of controlling surface water, the method of controlling landfill gases and the method used to maintain access to the facility. Within the post-closure portion of the plan, specific methods of monitoring groundwater and landfill gases were established, a facility maintenance program was implemented and a financial assurance plan was developed.
Four groundwater monitoring
wells have been established at the facility and they are monitored quarterly
by a third party contracted lab. The results of these quarterly groundwater
monitoring wells are forwarded to the Douglas County Solid Waste Program Office
(DCSWPO), where they are reviewed and compared to regulatory limits and then
copied and sent to the Douglas County Transportation and Land Services Department
(TLS), the CDHD and the DOE. Six passive landfill gas vents have been established
and they are visually monitored quarterly by the DCSWPO. The passive landfill
gas venting system has been tested twice, by a third party contracted lab,
once in 1994 and again in 1998. Air Quality test results were well under regulatory
limits on both occasions. With regard to the annual facility maintenance program,
a Current Expense Solid Waste Fund Account was established on January 25th,
1994 to provide funding for any facility maintenance to the cover, vegetation,
drainage, roadway, fence, groundwater monitoring wells and passive landfill
gas vents.
Map 12-1. Currently Operating (and Closed) Landfills and Transfer Stations
On February 5th, 1994 the DOE agreed to grant a waiver to Douglas County from the requirements of Chapter 173.304.467 WAC, which stipulated that closure and post-closure costs were to come from landfill user fees. As stated in Douglas County's request for a waiver, the landfill has not accepted waste since 1990 and with no county owned or operated landfill within the RPA, there was no way the necessary funds could be obtained through the use of a landfill user fee. Douglas County proposed that funds for closure and post-closure come from the Douglas County Current Expense Solid Waste Fund Account #124, established by Resolution P.W. 94-12, to cover bond redemption for closure and post-closure monitoring and maintenance of the landfill.
Bridgeport Bar Landfill
This landfill is located on a 5.4 acre site in the southwest quarter of Section 29, T30N, R25E. The landfill is located approximately five miles northwest of the Town of Bridgeport, 6 miles southeast of the Town of Brewster, and ¼ mile west of State Route 173. Access to the landfill is by Douglas County Road Number 1199, a paved road which runs west from State Route 173. The landfill is located at the northwestern edge of the Bridgeport Bar. To the south of the landfill are steep cliffs that rise 2000 feet to the Dyer Hill area. The landfill is located on the fringe of a large alluvial fan. The Columbia River is one mile to the north of the landfill. Two ephemeral drainages flank the landfill, one about a thousand feet to the east, and the other a thousand feet to the west. There is reportedly a small spring that surfaces at the edge of the landfill at approximately elevation 940 feet. The spring is located at the base of the hillside in the southwest portion of the landfill on top of a granite outcropping. During operation of the landfill, reportedly the spring visibly moistened the surrounding soil, but no flowing water was ever visible. The landfill averages between 9 and 12 inches of rainfall annually.
In 1932, Douglas County acquired the landfill site for use as a gravel pit. In 1976, this parcel was sold to the Perkins Orchard Company and subsequently leased back to the County for twenty years. There is no documented evidence that the site was used as a landfill prior to 1976. The landfill stopped accepting waste in 1987 and has been officially closed since August 1994. In 1987, Okanogan County purchased 2.5 acres of the eastern portion of the landfill and constructed a transfer station. This transfer station is owned and operated by Okanogan County. In 1987 and 1988, the landfill was covered with two to four feet of subgrade materials. A perforated drainage pipe and inlet were installed to intercept the spring, and fencing installed around the transfer station. In February 1994, Douglas County prepared the Bridgeport Bar Landfill Closure and Post-Closure Plan, which was accepted by the DOE. The plan was prepared in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 173.304 WAC.
As outlined in the Bridgeport Bar Landfill Closure and Post-Closure Plan, the closure design specified the type of landfill cover to be established and maintained, the method of controlling surface water, the method of controlling landfill gases and the method used to maintain access to the facility. Within the post-closure portion of the plan, specific methods of monitoring groundwater and landfill gases were established, a facility maintenance program was implemented and a financial assurance plan was developed.
Three groundwater monitoring wells have been established at the facility and they are monitored quarterly by a third party contracted lab. The results of these quarterly groundwater monitoring wells are forwarded to the DCSWPO, where they are reviewed and compared to regulatory limits and then copied and sent to TLS, the CDHD and the DOE. Six passive landfill gas vents have been established and they are visually monitored quarterly by the DCSWPO. The passive landfill gas venting system has been tested twice, by a third party contracted lab, once in 1994 and again in 1998. Air Quality test results were well under regulatory limits on both occasions. With regard to the annual facility maintenance program, a Current Expense Solid Waste Fund Account was established on January 25th, 1994 to provide funding for any facility maintenance to the cover, vegetation, drainage, roadway, fence, groundwater monitoring wells and passive landfill gas vents.
Map 12-2. Pine Canyon Landfill
Map 12-3. Bridgeport Bar Landfill
On August 5th, 1999 the Douglas County Solid Waste Advisory Committee (SWAC) accepted the recommendation of the Douglas County Organics Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) to amend the Bridgeport Bar Landfill Closure and Post-Closure Plan to include a sustainable organic cover plan for the closed landfill. The TAC found that the current landfill cover soils are deficient in potassium and phosphorus, and out of balance in calcium and magnesium. As a result, the soils are unable to sustain an adequate vegetation cover, causing erosion and run-off problems. The sustainable organic plan would require that test plots be established in the weaker vegetation areas. These test plots would be used to determine the best long term soil nutrient program and grass seed mixture for the specific terrain and environmental conditions. Each test plot would receive:
- 100 pounds of potassium per acre
- 25 pounds of phosphorous per acre
- a low phosphrous compost as a soil amendment, not to be incorporated
- a new grass seed mixture; only ½ of each test plot would be reseeded with the new grass seed
mixture to determine sustainability between existing vegetative cover and the new grasses
- continued soil testing
The sustainable organic plan would require that in non-test plot areas:
- 30 pounds of nitrogen per acre be applied in the spring, preferably by liquid spray foliar
- a light amount of potassium and phosphorous be applied in the fall
- a weed control spray program be maintained
For those identified erosion and problem run-off areas, the TAC recommended that landscape fabric be placed and covered with armored plate, such as channel rock. These established drainage courses should be engineered to allow for the channeling of this run-off from the vegetative cover areas into the armored plate and then to the existing retention pond. Once the best sustainable grass seed mixture is determined, as a result of the test plots, the existing vegetative cover should be reseeded. TAC believed that with the enhanced vegetative cover established, a weed control program implemented and the erosion and run-off problem corrected by an engineered plan, the current vegetative cover problems would be addressed.
12.3.2 Permitted Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfills
Greater Wenatchee Regional Landfill
The GWRLF is located on South Webb Road in Douglas County in Section 14 of Township 22 North, Range 21 East W.M. The landfill is located approximately five miles southeast of the City East Wenatchee, 1¼ miles northwest of the City of Rock Island and 1½ miles north of State Route 28. Pangborn Field, a regional public-use airport, is located approximately 7,000 feet west of the landfill. Access to the landfill is from South Webb Road off of either Grant Road or Batterman Road. Both Grant Road and Batterman Road are structured all-season paved roads. To the north of the landfill are steep cliffs that rise 1200 feet to the Waterville Plateau. The surrounding land use is primarily agriculture with some rural residential properties nearby. The Columbia River is two miles to the south of the landfill. The landfill receives between 8 and 12 inches of average rainfall annually. The GWRLF is an active, privately owned and operated landfill. The landfill is currently owned and operated by the Greater Wenatchee Regional Landfill & Recycling Company, a subsidiary of Waste Management of Washington, Inc. The site has been operated as a landfill since the late 1960's and was purchased by Waste Management of Washington, Inc. in June, 1987. The total permitted landfill site is 69 acres in size, with an additional 110 acres along the north property boundary and another 18 acres on the south property line. The latter 128 acres are not permitted for use as a landfill, but are utilized as "buffer zones" for the facility.
Map 12-4. Greater Wenatchee Regional Landfill
The GWRLF is permitted and operated under the criteria for municipal solid waste landfills, Chapter 173.351 WAC. Permitting and oversight of the GWRLF and its operation is primarily the responsibility of the CDHD. However, air quality issues and permit oversight is provide by the DOE. Additionally, activities outside of the actual working landfill are permitted and overseen by TLS. With the area zoned for agriculture use, the GWRLF must obtain a Conditional Use Permit (CUP) from TLS for all non-conforming uses. The GWRLF is not under any enforcement action and is in good standing with regulatory agencies. The site has a 60-mil HDPE liner and leachate collection system in place. In accordance with the Minimum Functional Standards (MFS) requirements, the landfill is designed with a active gas control system; there has not been any gas migration above allowable levels at the property line. No landfill settlement or surface water problems have occurred at the site. The expansion capacity at the site has not yet been determined. The site has an approved Closure/Post Closure Plan that is updated annually.
In 1999 the volume of solid waste disposed of at the GWRLF was 459,519 cubic yards. With a projected landfill capacity of 6,433,266 cubic yards, Waste Management of Greater Wenatchee (WMGW) projects a remaining landfill capacity of 14 years. However, as a privately owned and operated landfill, the GWRLF could choose to import solid waste from outside the RPA, thus reducing the landfill capacity directly proportional to the increased volumes imported. As part of any future landfill expansion the CUP process will require that the GWRLF in conjunction Douglas County come up with a mutually agreed upon formula to determine the remaining landfill capacity on an annual basis. The GWRLF is the only MSWLF in the RPA.
Okanogan County Landfill (Okanogan County)
Municipal solid waste from the Bridgeport Bar Area is self hauled to the Bridgeport Bar Transfer Station and then disposed of in the Okanogan County Landfill, located in Okanogan County.
Delano Landfill (Grant County)
Municipal solid waste from the Town of Coulee Dam, though in Douglas County, for the purpose of this plan is managed under Grant County. All municipal solid waste collected within the Town of Coulee Dam is being disposed of in the Delano Landfill, located in Grant County.
Table 12-1 Sub-Title D Requirements to Area Landfills
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|
Composite |
Leachate |
Groundwater |
Approved Closure/ |
Financial |
|
Facility |
Liner¹ |
Collection¹ |
Monitoring |
Post-Closure Plan |
Assurance |
|
Greater Wenatchee |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Regional Landfill |
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Okanogan Landfill |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Delano Landfill |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
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|
|
|
|
|
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¹ Under certain conditions "arid landfills" may be exempt from this requirement. |
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Source: Bill Tinney II |
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12.4 OBJECTIVES
12.4.1 Ensure that Sufficient Disposal Capacity is Available to the RPA
The GWRLF has estimated a landfill capacity of fourteen years. However, this capacity estimate, based upon current disposal volumes, does not take into account historical volume increases or population growth. In addition and more importantly, the GWRLF has stated that they are planning to import municipal solid waste from outside the RPA. If this importation occurs, the current site life will be shortened depending upon the amount and rate of municipal solid waste imported.
12.4.2 Ensure that all Landfills Accepting RPA Waste Meet all Federal, State, and Local Regulations
All municipal solid waste generated in the RPA is currently being disposed of at the GWRLF, which meets all current federal, state and local requirements. All alternatives must meet the Federal Subtitle D, State Chapter 173-351 WAC and local regulations for landfill operation, closure and design. All alternatives must also meet all local land use, zoning and building requirements, guidelines and standards.
12.5 ALTERNATIVES
12.5.1 Restrict Disposal to Only Permitted and Approved Facilities
By restricting MSW to only permitted and approved facilities, proper disposal of MSW will be assured. This will ensure that the GWRLF is operated in a manner which protects the public health and safety and the environment. As required by Chapter 173.351 WAC, the GWRLF is to be permitted by the CDHD and inspected at least annually.
12.5.2 Expand the Existing Privately Owned and Operated Regional Landfill
Under this alternative, the GWRLF will continue to receive the vast majority of waste generated within the RPA throughout the 20-year planning period. In 1999, approximately 459,519 cubic yards of RPA waste were disposed of at the GWRLF. This site, until recently, was projected to have approximately 14 years of capacity based on the current disposal rates. However, the DCSWPO now states that, with the current trends of solid waste being disposed of at the landfill, the life of the GWRLF is shortened to 7 years, reaching capacity in the year 2007. Because of this data, the GWRLF should be expanded to extend the site-life to roughly 20 years making it obsolete in 2020.
12.5.3 Site a County Owned and Operated Landfill within the RPA
Siting
a new landfill in the RPA would provide back-up waste capacity should the
GWRLF permanently discontinue accepting RPA waste. This option would allow
the RPA to maintain control of its wastes. However, this option would not
be economically feasible as a short-term back-up system because of the high
costs associated with siting, permitting, constructing, and operating a new
landfill. Developing a new landfill could be more cost-effective, however,
than implementing a long-term contract for out-of-RPA disposal. Siting a new
landfill would require a full-scale siting study according to Criteria
for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (Chapter
173.351 WAC). Siting and development of a new landfill in the RPA could take
up to 5-10 years depending on public support or opposition.
Table 12-2 Landfill Development Cost Estimates in 1999 Dollars
|
|
Total Capital Cost Estimate |
|
Description |
(Rounded to 1,000s) |
|
Site Development |
$6,710,000 |
|
Area Preparation |
4,519,000 |
|
Scale and Service Building |
692,000 |
|
Fence and Gate |
208,000 |
|
Surface Water Management |
219,000 |
|
Environmental Monitoring |
749,000 |
|
Access Road Improvements |
323,000 |
|
|
|
|
Leachate Management |
$6,156,000 |
|
Bottom Liner System |
4,104,000 |
|
Leachate Collection Piping |
473,000 |
|
Leachate Treatment |
968,000 |
|
Leachate Recirculation |
611,000 |
|
|
|
|
Contingencies and Services |
$4,632,000 |
|
Contingencies @ 15 percent |
1,930,000 |
|
Legal, Admin, Permitting @ 7 percent |
901,000 |
|
Engineering Services @ 6 percent |
772,000 |
|
Services During Construction @ 8 percent |
1,029,000 |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
$17,498,000 |
|
|
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NOTE: Cost Estimate Does Not Include Purchase of Land |
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Source: Bill Tinney II |
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Table 12-3 Annual Landfill Operation and Maintenance Cost Estimates in 1999 Dollars
|
|
Annual O & M Cost Estimate |
|
Description |
(Rounded to 1,000s) |
|
Operation & Maintenance (e.g., staffing, equipment fuel and maintenance) |
$1,038,000 |
|
Landfill Gas Monitoring |
$ 17,000 |
|
Groundwater Monitoring |
$ 61,000 |
|
Surface Water Monitoring |
$ 13,000 |
|
Leachate Recirculation |
$ 242,000 |
|
|
|
|
Contingencies @ 15 percent |
$ 267,000 |
|
Legal, Admin, Permitting @ 7 percent |
$ 125,000 |
|
Engineering Services @ 6 percent |
$ 107,000 |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
$2,280,000 |
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NOTE: These figures are based upon a disposal rate of 90,000 ton per year |
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Source: Bill Tinney II |
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Table 12-4 Landfill Closure Cost Estimates in 1999 Dollars
|
|
Total Capital Cost Estimate |
|
Description |
(Rounded to 1,000s) |
|
Landfill Closure |
$5,972,000 |
|
Gas Control System |
$2,260,000 |
|
Final Cover System |
$3,424,000 |
|
Surface Water Management |
$ 288,000 |
|
|
|
|
Contingencies and Services |
$2,150,000 |
|
Contingencies @ 15 percent |
$ 892,000 |
|
Legal, Admin, Permitting @ 7 percent |
$ 418,000 |
|
Engineering Services @ 6 percent |
$ 358,000 |
|
Services During Closure @ 8 percent |
$ 478,000 |
|
|
|
TOTAL |
$8,122,000 |
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Source: Bill Tinney II |
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Table 12-5 Annual Landfill Post-Closure Operation and Maintenance Cost Estimates in 1999 Dollars
|
|
Annual O & M Cost Estimate |
|
Description |
(Rounded to 100s) |
|
Operation and Maintenance (eg. Staffing, equipment fuel and maintenance |
$152,300 |
|
General Facility Maintenance |
$ 60,200 |
|
Landfill Gas Monitoring |
$ 60,200 |
|
Groundwater Monitoring |
$ 34,600 |
|
Surface Water Monitoring |